Course: Thrombosis of a Deep Vein

The formation of a blood clot within a vein occurs most often in the legs. Thrombosis of a vein near the surface of the skin is common but not serious. However, thrombosis of a deep vein (a DVT) is a serious condition.

Sometimes, fragments of the clot break away. These are called emboli. If an embolus reaches the lungs, it can block the blood supply to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism (PE). This is a potentially life-threatening complication of DVT.

Figure 2: An embolus lodged in a pulmonary artery

Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Most patients who are diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE) recover completely. However, approximately 1 in 3 people, who develop a DVT without any symptoms, develop post-thrombotic syndrom within 5 years. Damage to the veins caused by the original DVT leads to increased blood pressure, which can harm the valves responsible for efficient blood flow. The symptoms include leg pain, swelling and, eventually, ulceration of the leg. Patients can also develop PE without having any symptoms of DVT.

In the event of VTE occurring following orthopaedic surgery, early diagnosis and treatment of the DVT are essential in preventing PE and reducing the risk of long-term complications.